The doctrine of yin and yang runs through all aspects of the theoretical system of Chinese veterinary medicine, which is used to illustrate the organizational structure, physiological functions and pathological changes of the animal body, and to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.
(A) Physiological aspects
1. Explaining the organization of the animal body that the animal body is an organic whole that is both antagonistic and unified, and its organization can be summarized in terms of yin and yang. On the part of the body, the surface of the body for the Yang, the body for the Yin; the upper part of the Yang, the lower part of the Yin; back for the Yang, chest and abdomen for the Yin. On the limbs of the inner and outer relative, the outer is Yang, the inner is Yin. In terms of internal organs, dirty Yin, viscera for Yang. Specifically to each viscera, there are yin and yang points, such as the heart of the heart Yang, heart Yin, kidney kidney Yang, kidney Yin and so on. In short, each organizational structure of the animal body, according to where it is up and down, inside and outside, inside and outside, before and after the relative parts and relative functional activities and other characteristics to summarize the yin and yang, and then explain the unity of the relationship between their opposites.
2. Explain the physiology of the animal body is generally believed that the substance for the yin, function for the yang, normal life activities are the result of the unity of these two aspects of yin and yang. As the “Su Wen - angry through the sky theory” said: “Yin, hidden essence and start urgent (urgent, can be used as gas solution); Yang, the guard outside and for the solid.” That is to say, “Yin” represents the material or material storage, is the source of Yang Qi; “Yang” represents the functional activities, plays the role of guarding the external and fixed Yin essence; no Yin essence can not produce Yang Qi, and through the role of Yang Qi and constantly generate Yin essence, the two are the same. There is a relationship of mutual antagonism, mutual root and use, and transformation. Under normal circumstances, yin and yang maintain a relative balance to maintain the physiological activities of the animal body, as the “Su Wen - anger through the sky theory” said: “yin and yang secret, the spirit and even.” Otherwise, yin and yang can not be used for each other and separated, the essence will be exhausted, life activities will also stop, as “Su Wen - Anger Tong Tian Lun” said “yin and yang away from the decision, the spirit is extinct”.
(B) Pathology
1. Explain the pathological changes of disease Chinese veterinary medicine that, under normal circumstances, the yin and yang in the animal body to maintain a relative balance to maintain the physiological activities of the animal body. Disease is the result of the loss of the relative balance of yin and yang and the occurrence of bias and decline. The occurrence and development of diseases are related to both positive and evil qi. Positive qi refers to the body's functional activities and resistance to diseases and evils, as well as the ability to adapt to the external environment, etc. Evil qi refers to a variety of disease-causing factors. Positive qi includes both yin essence and yang qi, and evil qi is also divided into yin evil and yang evil. The process of disease is mostly a process in which the struggle between evil and positive qi causes the yin and yang of the organism to be partial and weak.
In terms of yin and yang bias, it is believed that yin and yin evil cause disease, can make the yin bias and yang injury, appear “yin is cold” disease evidence. Such as cold and damp Yin evil invasion of the body, resulting in “Yin Sheng its Yang”, thus the occurrence of “cold injury evidence”, the animal manifested as a greenish-yellow color of the mouth, the pulse is slow, cold nose and ears, body trembling intestinal tinnitus, from time to time to get up and lie down. On the contrary, yang evil disease, can make the yang bias and yin injury, the emergence of “Yang Sheng is hot” evidence of the disease. Such as hot and dry yang evil invasion of the body, resulting in “Yang Sheng its yin”, thus appearing “heat injury evidence”, the animal manifested as high fever, lips and tongue bright red, pulse flooding, ears drooped, head low, walking like a fool and other symptoms. As stated in “Su Wen - Yin and Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun”, “If Yin wins, Yang will be sick; if Yang wins, Yin will be sick; if Yin wins, it will be cold; if Yang wins, it will be hot.” In the Yuan Heng Therapy Horse Collection, it is also said, “If it is hot, yang overcomes its yin,” and “If it is cold, yin overcomes its yang,” as well.
In terms of yin and yang bias, it is believed that once the body is deficient in yang and cannot control yin, there will be a relative surplus of yin and a deficiency of yin and yin will occur; on the contrary, if there is a deficiency of yin and cannot control yang, there will be a relative surplus of yang and a deficiency of yin and yang will occur. As the “Su Wen - regulating menstruation theory” said: “Yang deficiency is cold outside, yin deficiency is internal heat”. Due to the mutual use of yin and yang, either side of the deficiency to a certain extent, can lead to the other side of the deficiency, that is, the so-called “yang loss and yin, yin loss and yang”, ultimately leading to “yin and yang are both weak”. Such as certain chronic wasting disease, in the process of its development, will be due to the weakness of yang qi resulting in the lack of yin essence, or due to the lack of yin essence resulting in the lack of yang qi source, and finally lead to yin and yang deficiencies.
Yin and yang can cause either cold or hot symptoms, but they are fundamentally different. Yin and yang bias victory in the formation of the evidence is real evidence, such as yang evil bias victory leads to real heat evidence, yin evil bias victory leads to cold evidence, etc.; and yin and yang bias decline in the formation of the evidence is false evidence, such as yin deficiency is the emergence of false heat evidence, yang deficiency is the emergence of false cold evidence, etc.. Therefore, “Su Wen - General Evaluation of the theory of reality” said: “Evil qi is full of real, the essence of the capture is false.”
2. Explain the development of the disease in the development process, due to the different nature of the disease and conditions, there can be a mutual transformation of yin and yang, such as “cold extreme is hot, hot extreme is cold,” that is, refers to the mutual transformation of yin and yang evidence. Clinical changes can be seen from the surface to the inside, from solid to virtual, from heat to cold and from cold to heat. Such as septicemia in animals, the beginning of the manifestation of elevated body temperature, mouth and tongue red, pulse flooding and other hot signs, when the serious occurrence of “violent off”, it will turn to manifest the extremities cold, pale tongue, pulse thin and other cold signs.
3. Judging the regression of the disease, it is believed that if the disease has been “adjusted its yin and yang” to restore the state of “yin and yang secret”, then the disease will be cured by “adjusting its yin and yang”.
It is believed that if the disease “adjusts its yin and yang” and recovers the state of “yin-ping and yang-secret”, it will be cured; if it continues to deteriorate and eventually “yin and yang are separated from each other”, it will end in death.
(C) Diagnosis
Since yin and yang imbalance is the root cause of the occurrence and development of diseases, therefore, no matter how intricate and complex the clinical symptoms of any disease are, as long as yin and yang are used as the outline to summarize them when collecting symptoms and identifying the symptoms, the essence of the disease can be captured by the simple and complex.
1. Analyze the yin and yang attributes of the symptoms in general, where the mouth color red, yellow, red and purple for Yang, the mouth color white, green, black for Yin; where the pulse is floating, flooding, counting, slippery for Yang, sinking, fine, late, astringent for Yin; where the voice is high, bright for Yang, low, weak for Yin; body heat belongs to Yang, body cold belongs to Yin; dry and thirsty mouth belongs to Yang, the mouth is moist and thirst belongs to Yin; restlessness belongs to Yang, lying down in silence belongs to Yin, and so on.
2. Identify the symptoms of the yin and yang attributes of all the evidence, no more than “yin evidence” and “yang evidence” two. The eight syllabus identification is respectively from the nature of the disease (hot and cold), the location of the disease (surface) and the growth of positive and negative (real and virtual) several aspects to distinguish between yin and yang, and yin and yang as a general outline to lead the evidence (surface evidence, hot evidence, real evidence of yang, in the evidence, cold evidence, false evidence of yin evidence). Clinical diagnosis, first of all, to distinguish yin and yang, in order to grasp the essence of the disease. Therefore, “Jingyue Quanshu - Chuanzhong Lu” said: “Where diagnosis and treatment, must first review the yin and yang, is the program of the medical path, yin and yang without error, treatment, there is no difference? Although the medical road is complicated, but can be covered in one word, said yin and yang only. Therefore, the evidence has yin and yang, pulse has yin and yang, medicine has yin and yang ...... set can understand the yin and yang, then the medical road, although mysterious, think over half carry on.” “Yuan Heng therapy horse set” also said: ”Where the beast disease, the first color pulse is the main ...... and then determine its yin and yang of the disease.”
(D) treatment
1. Determine the principle of treatment due to the yin and yang bias victory and decline is the root cause of the disease, so the diarrhea of its surplus, make up for its deficiencies, to restore the coordination and balance of yin and yang is the basic principle of diagnosis and treatment of diseases, such as “Su Wen - to the true to be a great theory” said: “careful to look at the yin and yang and the location of the adjustment to the period of the flat.” For those who are in favor of yin and yang, the principle of treatment should be “diarrhea of the real”. If it is a solid heat syndrome caused by the prevalence of yang evil, the treatment of “cold for heat” should be used; if it is a cold solid syndrome caused by the prevalence of yin evil, the treatment of “heat for cold” should be used. For those who are suffering from yin and yang deficiency, the principle of treatment should be “tonifying the deficiency”. If the yin bias decline caused by “yin deficiency is hot” deficiency heat evidence, the treatment should be nourishing yin to suppress the yang; if the yang bias decline caused by “yang deficiency is cold” deficiency cold evidence, the treatment should be to support the yang in order to control the yin. As the saying goes, “Strengthen the main body of water to control sunlight, and benefit the source of fire to eliminate yin and cataract” (see Wang Bing's Commentary on Suwen).
2. Analyze the yin and yang attributes of drugs to guide the clinical use of drugs, the taste and function of drugs can also be distinguished by yin and yang, as the basis for clinical use of drugs. Generally speaking, warm and hot drugs are yang, cold and cool drugs are yin; pungent, sweet, light drugs are yang, sour, salty, bitter drugs are yin; with the promotion and dispersion of the drug is yang, and with the sinking and draining effect of the drug is yin. According to the yin and yang properties of the drug, you can flexibly use the drug to adjust the body's yin and yang, in order to remedy the disadvantages. Such as heat with cold medicine to clear heat, cold with warm medicine to dispel cold, is the “Nei Jing” pointed out in the “cold hot, hot cold” principle of the use of specific applications.
(E) Prevention
Since the animal body is closely related to the external environment, the yin and yang of the animal body must adapt to the changes of the four seasons, otherwise it will easily cause diseases. Therefore, strengthening the feeding management and enhancing the adaptability of the animal body can prevent the occurrence of diseases. This is just as the “Su Wen - four gas regulating the divine theory” said: “spring and summer to raise the sun, fall and winter to raise the yin, in order to be from the root ... ... Against the disaster is born, from the disease disease can not be ......”. Yuan Heng therapy horse collection - Teng horse herding method” also put forward ‘where the horse breeder, winter warm house, summer cool shed’, ‘do not want to hang water, frozen material, dust grass, gravel ...... food’ preventive measures. In addition, you can also use the spring amplification of blood, irrigation of the four seasons to adjust the method of medicine to harmonize the blood, coordination of yin and yang, prevention of disease.
